Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) utilizing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes have emerged as a efficient technology for wastewater treatment due to their ability to achieve high removal rates of organic matter, nutrients, and microorganisms. To optimize the performance of these systems, several

Membrane bioreactors present a promising solution to wastewater treatment. These systems combine the effectiveness of microbial processes with the selectivity of membrane filtration. This synergy produces in a highly efficient technology for removing pollutants from